SSC CGL English : Direct and Indirect Speech

Part 1: Direct and Indirect Speech (Questions 1-50)

1. He said, “I am writing a novel.”

He said that he was writing a novel.

He said that he is writing a novel.

He says that he was writing a novel.

He said that I was writing a novel.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The reporting verb “said” is in the past tense. Therefore, the present continuous tense (“am writing”) in the direct speech changes to the past continuous tense (“was writing”). The pronoun “I” changes to “he”.

2. She said to me, “Do you know this man?”

She asked me that if I knew that man.

She asked me if I knew that man.

She asked me if I know that man.

She asked me did I know that man.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: For an interrogative (yes/no) question, “said to” changes to “asked”. The conjunction “if” or “whether” is used. The simple present tense (“do you know”) changes to the simple past tense (“knew”), and the sentence becomes a statement. “This” changes to “that”.

3. The teacher said, “The Earth revolves around the Sun.”

The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.

The teacher said that the Earth had revolved around the Sun.

The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

The teacher told that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: When the direct speech states a universal truth or a scientific fact, the tense of the verb does not change in the indirect speech, even if the reporting verb is in the past.

4. He said, “Alas! I have lost my wallet.”

He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his wallet.

He said with sorrow that he has lost his wallet.

He exclaimed sadly that I have lost my wallet.

He exclaimed that he lost his wallet.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For exclamatory sentences, “said” changes to “exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder etc.” The interjection “Alas!” indicates sorrow. The present perfect tense (“have lost”) changes to the past perfect tense (“had lost”). “My” changes to “his”.

5. The captain said to the soldiers, “March forward.”

The captain requested the soldiers to march forward.

The captain ordered the soldiers to march forward.

The captain said the soldiers to march forward.

The captain ordered that the soldiers should march forward.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: This is an imperative sentence (a command). The reporting verb “said to” changes to “ordered” or “commanded”. The verb in the direct speech is changed into an infinitive (to + verb). So, “March forward” becomes “to march forward”.

6. My friend said to me, “I will go to Delhi tomorrow.”

My friend told me that he would go to Delhi the next day.

My friend told me that he will go to Delhi tomorrow.

My friend told me that he would go to Delhi tomorrow.

My friend said me that he would go to Delhi the next day.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “Said to” changes to “told”. “Will” changes to “would”. The adverb of time “tomorrow” changes to “the next day” or “the following day”.

7. He said, “Where is your book?”

He asked where my book was.

He asked where is my book.

He asked that where my book was.

He told me where my book was.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For a WH-question, the WH-word (“Where”) acts as the conjunction. “Said” changes to “asked”. The question form (“is your book”) changes to a statement form (“my book was”), and the tense changes from present to past.

8. The girl says, “My mother is a doctor.”

The girl said that her mother was a doctor.

The girl says that her mother was a doctor.

The girl says that her mother is a doctor.

The girl tells that her mother is a doctor.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The reporting verb “says” is in the present tense. When the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the direct speech does not change. Only the pronoun “My” changes to “her”.

9. He said, “I have been studying since morning.”

He said that he was studying since morning.

He said that he had been studying since morning.

He said that he has been studying since morning.

He told that he had been studying since morning.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The reporting verb “said” is in the past tense. The present perfect continuous tense (“have been studying”) changes to the past perfect continuous tense (“had been studying”).

10. She said to her friend, “Please lend me your pen.”

She told her friend to please lend her her pen.

She requested her friend to lend her her pen.

She requested her friend to lend me her pen.

She asked her friend to lend her her pen.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The word “Please” indicates a request. So, “said to” changes to “requested”. In indirect speech, “please” is removed. The verb becomes an infinitive (“to lend”). Pronouns “me” and “your” change to “her”.

11. Tom said, “I saw a lion in the forest yesterday.”

Tom said that he had seen a lion in the forest the previous day.

Tom said that he saw a lion in the forest yesterday.

Tom said that he has seen a lion in the forest the previous day.

Tom said that he had seen a lion in the forest yesterday.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The simple past tense (“saw”) in the direct speech changes to the past perfect tense (“had seen”). The adverb of time “yesterday” changes to “the previous day”.

12. He said to me, “What are you doing now?”

He asked me what I was doing then.

He asked me what I am doing now.

He asked me what was I doing then.

He told me what I was doing then.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is a WH-question. “Said to” becomes “asked”. The present continuous tense (“are you doing”) changes to the past continuous tense (“I was doing”). The adverb “now” changes to “then”. The sentence structure becomes a statement, not a question.

13. She said, “Let’s go for a walk.”

She said that they should go for a walk.

She proposed that they should go for a walk.

She asked to go for a walk.

She told that let’s go for a walk.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Sentences starting with “Let’s” express a suggestion or proposal. Therefore, the reporting verb “said” changes to “proposed” or “suggested”. The structure `that + subject + should + verb` is used. “Let’s” implies “we”, which changes to “they”.

14. The boy said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”

The boy exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

The boy said with joy that they have won the match.

The boy exclaimed that they won the match.

The boy exclaimed with joy they had won the match.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “Hurrah” expresses joy. The reporting verb becomes “exclaimed with joy”. The present perfect (“have won”) changes to the past perfect (“had won”). The pronoun “We” changes to “they”.

15. I said to him, “I will not go there.”

I told him that I would not go there.

I told him that I will not go there.

I said to him that I would not go there.

I told him I would not go here.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “Said to” changes to “told”. “Will” changes to “would”. “There” does not change. The pronoun “I” remains “I” because the speaker is the same.

16. He said, “I must finish this job.”

He said that he had to finish that job.

He said that he must have finished that job.

He said that he must finish this job.

He said that he had to finish this job.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “Must” often changes to “had to” to express compulsion in the past. “This” changes to “that”.

17. She said, “May God bless you.”

She told that God might bless me.

She prayed that God might bless me.

She prayed that God may bless me.

She wished that God might bless you.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: This is an optative sentence (expressing a wish or prayer). “Said” changes to “prayed” or “wished”. “May” changes to “might”. “You” changes to “me” (assuming she is talking to me).

18. My father said to me, “Don’t waste your time.”

My father advised me not to waste my time.

My father told me do not waste your time.

My father forbade me to not waste my time.

My father advised me to not waste my time.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is a negative imperative sentence (advice). “Said to” changes to “advised”. The structure is “not + to-infinitive”. “Your” changes to “my”. Alternatively, “My father forbade me to waste my time” is also correct (forbade is already negative).

19. I said, “I came here yesterday.”

I said that I had come there the previous day.

I said that I had gone there the previous day.

I said that I came there yesterday.

I said that I went there the day before.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Simple past (“came”) changes to past perfect (“had come” or “had gone”). The verb “come” changes to “go” if the reporting person is no longer at the place mentioned. “Here” changes to “there” and “yesterday” changes to “the previous day”.

20. The police said to the thief, “Tell me the truth.”

The police requested the thief to tell him the truth.

The police ordered the thief to tell him the truth.

The police said the thief to tell him the truth.

The police asked the thief to tell the truth.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: This is a command. “Said to” changes to “ordered”. The verb becomes a to-infinitive (“to tell”). “Me” changes to “him” (referring to the police officer).

21. He will say, “I am not well.”

He will say that he is not well.

He will say that he was not well.

He would say that he was not well.

He will tell that he is not well.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The reporting verb “will say” is in the future tense. Therefore, the tense of the direct speech (“am not”) does not change. Only the pronoun “I” changes to “he”.

22. The stranger asked, “Can you show me the way to the station?”

The stranger asked if I could show him the way to the station.

The stranger asked could I show him the way to the station.

The stranger asked me can I show him the way to the station.

The stranger said if I could show him the way to the station.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is a yes/no question. The conjunction “if” is used. The modal “can” changes to “could”. The question form is converted to a statement form. Pronouns “you” and “me” change to “I” and “him” respectively.

23. My mother said, “I cooked pasta for lunch today.”

My mother said that she cooked pasta for lunch that day.

My mother said that she had cooked pasta for lunch that day.

My mother said that she had cooked pasta for lunch today.

My mother told that she had cooked pasta for lunch that day.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The simple past tense (“cooked”) changes to the past perfect tense (“had cooked”). The adverb “today” changes to “that day”.

24. He said, “What a beautiful painting!”

He exclaimed that it was a very beautiful painting.

He said that what a beautiful painting it was.

He exclaimed what a beautiful painting it was.

He told that it was a very beautiful painting.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Exclamatory sentences starting with “What a…” are changed into a statement using “very” or “great”. The reporting verb “said” changes to “exclaimed”.

25. The teacher said, “Be quiet and listen to my words.”

The teacher urged them to be quiet and listen to her words.

The teacher said they should be quiet and listen to her words.

The teacher told them to be quiet and listen to my words.

The teacher requested them to be quiet and to listen to her words.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is an imperative sentence. “Said” can be changed to “urged,” “ordered,” or “told.” The verbs become to-infinitives (“to be” and “to listen”). “My” changes to “her” (assuming the teacher is female).

26. He said, “Let me have a cup of tea.”

He wished that he might have a cup of tea.

He proposed that he should have a cup of tea.

He said to have a cup of tea.

He told that he wanted to have a cup of tea.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: When “Let” expresses a wish or request, the reporting verb is changed to “wished” or “requested”. The structure often used is `subject + wished + that + subject + might have…`.

27. “You have done your work well,” said the manager.

The manager told me that I have done my work well.

The manager told me that I did my work well.

The manager told me that I had done my work well.

The manager said me that I had done my work well.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The reporting verb is in the past. The present perfect tense (“have done”) changes to the past perfect tense (“had done”). “You” and “your” change to “I” and “my” (assuming the manager spoke to me).

28. She said, “I am sorry, I cannot help you.”

She apologized and said that she could not help me.

She said that she was sorry and she cannot help me.

She regretted for she could not help me.

She apologized me that she could not help me.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “I am sorry” can be reported as “She apologized” or “She said with regret”. The modal “cannot” changes to “could not”. “You” changes to “me”.

29. “Call the first witness now,” said the judge.

The judge commanded to call the first witness then.

The judge commanded them to call the first witness then.

The judge commanded them for calling the first witness now.

The judge commanded to call the first witness now.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: A judge issues a command. So “said” becomes “commanded”. The verb becomes a to-infinitive (“to call”). “Now” changes to “then”. An object “them” is implied (the court officials).

30. He said, “Goodbye, my friends!”

He told his friends goodbye.

He said goodbye to his friends.

He bade his friends goodbye.

He wished his friends goodbye.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: For farewells like “Goodbye”, the reporting verb “bade” (past tense of bid) is most appropriate. “Said goodbye to” is also used, but “bade” is a more standard form in grammar exercises.

31. The boy said, “I did not break the glass.”

The boy said that he had not broken the glass.

The boy said that he did not break the glass.

The boy denied to break the glass.

The boy said that he has not broken the glass.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The simple past tense (“did not break”) changes to the past perfect tense (“had not broken”).

32. “Why did you strike me?” he asked her.

He asked her why she had struck him.

He asked her why did she strike him.

He asked her that why she had struck him.

He asked her why she struck him.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: It’s a WH-question. The simple past (“did you strike”) changes to the past perfect (“she had struck”). The question form is changed to a statement form.

33. He says, “I have passed the examination.”

He says that he had passed the examination.

He said that he has passed the examination.

He says that he has passed the examination.

He tells that he has passed the examination.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The reporting verb “says” is in the present tense, so the tense of the direct speech does not change. “Tell” is usually followed by an object (e.g., tells me).

34. The accused said to the judge, “Let me meet my family.”

The accused requested the judge to let him meet his family.

The accused requested the judge that he might be allowed to meet his family.

The accused told the judge to let him meet his family.

Both A and B are correct.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: When “Let” is used for permission, it can be reported in two ways. (A) Using a to-infinitive structure with “requested”. (B) Using a `that` clause with “might be allowed to”. Both are grammatically correct and convey the same meaning.

35. She said, “I must go now.”

She said that she must go then.

She said that she had to go then.

She said that she would have to go then.

She said that she must have to go now.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: “Must” changes to “had to” to show obligation/necessity in the past context. “Now” changes to “then”. While “must” can sometimes remain unchanged, “had to” is the more common and precise conversion.

36. I said to my sister, “Where were you last evening?”

I asked my sister where she had been the previous evening.

I asked my sister where had she been the last evening.

I asked my sister where she was the previous evening.

I asked my sister where she had been the last evening.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Past continuous “were” (a form of “to be” in the past) changes to past perfect “had been”. “Last evening” changes to “the previous evening”. The sentence structure becomes a statement.

37. He said, “I am glad to be here this evening.”

He said that he was glad to be there that evening.

He said he was glad to be here that evening.

He said that he is glad to be there that evening.

He said that he was glad to be there this evening.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “am” changes to “was”. “here” changes to “there”. “this evening” changes to “that evening”. All changes are required.

38. The student said, “Sir, please grant me leave for two days.”

The student told the sir to grant him leave for two days.

The student requested the sir respectfully to grant him leave for two days.

The student requested his sir to grant me leave for two days.

The student respectfully requested the teacher to grant him leave for two days.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: “Sir” indicates respect, so “respectfully” is added. “Please” indicates a request. The verb becomes a to-infinitive (“to grant”). “Me” changes to “him”. “The sir” is awkward; “the teacher” or simply the object of “requested” is better.

39. He said, “I have to go to the city.”

He said that he had to go to the city.

He said that he would have to go to the city.

He said that he must go to the city.

He said that he has to go to the city.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The modal phrase “have to” (present obligation) changes to its past form “had to”.

40. “How clever of you to have solved the puzzle!” he said.

He exclaimed that I was very clever to have solved the puzzle.

He told me that I was very clever to solve the puzzle.

He said that how clever of me to have solved the puzzle.

He appreciated me for being clever to solve the puzzle.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is an exclamatory sentence expressing appreciation. “Said” becomes “exclaimed”. The structure changes to a statement. “you” changes to “I” (assuming he spoke to me).

41. Rahul said, “I will do it now or never.”

Rahul said that he would do it then or never.

Rahul said that he will do it now or never.

Rahul said that he would do it now or never.

Rahul said that he will do it then or never.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “will” changes to “would” and “now” changes to “then”. The word “never” remains unchanged.

42. She said, “I went to the school yesterday.”

She said that she went to the school the previous day.

She said that she had gone to the school the day before.

She said that she had went to the school yesterday.

She said that she has gone to the school the previous day.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The simple past tense (“went”) changes to the past perfect tense (“had gone”). “Yesterday” changes to “the previous day” or “the day before”.

43. My friend said to me, “Have you seen the Taj Mahal?”

My friend asked me if I had seen the Taj Mahal.

My friend asked me if I have seen the Taj Mahal.

My friend asked me did I see the Taj Mahal.

My friend told me if I had seen the Taj Mahal.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is a yes/no question. “Said to” becomes “asked”. The conjunction “if” is used. Present perfect (“Have you seen”) changes to past perfect (“I had seen”).

44. He said, “I was doing my homework.”

He said that he was doing his homework.

He said that he has been doing his homework.

He said that he did his homework.

He said that he had been doing his homework.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Past continuous tense (“was doing”) changes to past perfect continuous tense (“had been doing”).

45. The boy said, “I am happy with my result.”

The boy said that he is happy with his result.

The boy said that he was happy with my result.

The boy said that he was happy with his result.

The boy told that he was happy with his result.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: “am” changes to “was”. The pronoun “my” changes to “his” to match the subject “the boy”.

46. The beggar said, “Please give me some food.”

The beggar ordered to give him some food.

The beggar begged for some food.

The beggar requested me to give him some food.

Both B and C are correct.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: “Please” indicates a request. For a beggar, “begged” is a very appropriate reporting verb. “Requested” is also correct. Both options B and C convey the correct meaning and grammatical structure.

47. “Can you solve this problem?” he asked me.

He asked me if I could solve that problem.

He asked me if I can solve this problem.

He asked me can I solve that problem.

He asked me if I could solve this problem.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: It’s a yes/no question. “if” is used. “can” changes to “could”. “this” changes to “that”.

48. He said, “Let him do whatever he likes.”

He said that he might be allowed to do whatever he liked.

He suggested that he should do whatever he likes.

He said to let him do whatever he likes.

He told that he must be allowed to do whatever he liked.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: When “let” expresses permission or allowance, it can be reported using “might be allowed to”. The verb “likes” also changes to its past form “liked”.

49. He said, “Congratulations! You have topped the class.”

He congratulated me and said that I had topped the class.

He said congratulations and that I have topped the class.

He congratulated me for I had topped the class.

He congratulated me on topping the class.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: “Congratulations” is reported by using the verb “congratulated”. The rest of the sentence is changed according to the rules: “have topped” becomes “had topped”.

50. The saint said, “Man is mortal.”

The saint said that man was mortal.

The saint said that man is mortal.

The saint said that man had been mortal.

The saint told that man is mortal.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: “Man is mortal” is a universal truth. The tense of a universal truth does not change in indirect speech, regardless of the tense of the reporting verb.

Part 2: Active and Passive Voice (Questions 51-100)

51. The cat killed the mouse.

The mouse was killed by the cat.

The mouse is killed by the cat.

The mouse has been killed by the cat.

The cat was killed by the mouse.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Simple Past Tense (Subject + V2 + Object). The passive form is: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject. Here, Object is “the mouse”, V3 of “kill” is “killed”, and Subject is “the cat”.

52. Who wrote this letter?

By whom was this letter written?

By who was this letter written?

Whom was this letter written by?

This letter was written by whom?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For interrogative sentences starting with “Who”, the passive form starts with “By whom”. The sentence is in the simple past, so the structure is: By whom + was/were + Object + V3?

53. They are building a new bridge.

A new bridge is built by them.

A new bridge was being built by them.

A new bridge is being built by them.

A new bridge has been built by them.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense (Subject + is/am/are + V-ing + Object). The passive form is: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject.

54. Please help me.

You are requested to help me.

Let me be helped.

I am requested to be helped.

You are ordered to help me.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For imperative sentences starting with “Please” or “Kindly”, the passive voice starts with “You are requested to…”. The rest of the sentence follows.

55. He has completed the assignment.

The assignment is completed by him.

The assignment was completed by him.

The assignment has been completed by him.

The assignment had been completed by him.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense (Subject + has/have + V3 + Object). The passive form is: Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject.

56. Do it.

It should be done.

Let it be done.

It is done.

You are told to do it.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: For imperative sentences (commands) that have an object, the passive voice is formed with “Let + Object + be + V3”. Here, the object is “it”.

57. I will finish the job by next week.

The job will have been finished by me by next week.

The job will be finished by me by next week.

The job would be finished by me by next week.

The job will be finishing by me by next week.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Simple Future Tense (Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object). The passive form is: Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject.

58. Someone has stolen my purse.

My purse has been stolen.

My purse was stolen by someone.

My purse had been stolen.

My purse has been stolen by someone.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense. The passive is “My purse has been stolen by someone”. However, when the agent (the doer of the action) is an indefinite pronoun like “someone,” “somebody,” “people,” etc., it is often omitted in the passive voice. Therefore, A is the best choice.

59. Did she do her duty?

Was her duty done by her?

Her duty was done by her?

Is her duty done by her?

Did her duty be done by her?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is an interrogative in the Simple Past Tense. The passive form is: Was/Were + Object + V3 + by + Subject?

60. The noise of the traffic kept me awake.

I was kept awake by the noise of the traffic.

I am kept awake by the noise of the traffic.

I kept awake by the noise of the traffic.

The noise of the traffic was kept me awake.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This is in Simple Past Tense. The object of the active voice (“me”) becomes the subject of the passive voice (“I”). The passive structure is: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject. “Kept” is both V2 and V3 of “keep”.

61. You must obey your parents.

Your parents must be obeyed by you.

Your parents must be obeyed.

Your parents must have been obeyed by you.

Your parents should be obeyed by you.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For sentences with modal verbs (can, could, must, should, etc.), the passive form is: Object + modal + be + V3 + by + Subject.

62. We saw him cross the river.

He was seen to cross the river by us.

He was seen crossing the river by us.

He was seen cross the river by us.

He was seen by us to cross the river.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: When verbs like ‘see’, ‘hear’, ‘make’ are used in the active voice with a bare infinitive (verb without ‘to’), the passive voice uses a to-infinitive. So “cross” becomes “to cross”.

63. The people elected him mayor.

He was elected mayor by the people.

Mayor was elected by him by the people.

He is elected mayor by the people.

The people were elected mayor by him.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: This sentence has an object (“him”) and an object complement (“mayor”). In the passive voice, the object becomes the subject, and the complement remains as it is. The agent “by the people” can be omitted as it’s understood.

64. Why did your brother write such a letter?

Why was such a letter written by your brother?

Why such a letter was written by your brother?

Why did such a letter be written by your brother?

Why was such a letter wrote by your brother?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For WH-questions, the WH-word remains at the start. The active is in simple past. The passive interrogative structure is: WH-word + was/were + Object + V3 + by + Subject?

65. His behavior surprises me.

I am surprised by his behavior.

I am surprised at his behavior.

His behavior is surprised by me.

I was surprised at his behavior.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The active sentence is in Simple Present. The passive is “I am surprised…”. Certain verbs take prepositions other than ‘by’. ‘Surprised’ is followed by ‘at’.

66. I know him.

He is known by me.

He was known to me.

He is known to me.

He has been known by me.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The verb ‘know’ in the passive voice is followed by the preposition ‘to’, not ‘by’. The sentence is in the simple present tense.

67. They will have built the house by 2025.

The house will be built by them by 2025.

The house would have been built by them by 2025.

The house will have been built by them by 2025.

The house will have built by them by 2025.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Future Perfect Tense (Subject + will have + V3 + Object). The passive form is: Object + will have + been + V3 + by + Subject.

68. One should keep one’s promises.

Promises should be kept by one.

One’s promises should be kept by one.

Promises must be kept.

Promises should be kept.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The modal verb is ‘should’. Passive form: Object + should + be + V3. The agent “by one” is indefinite and general, so it is omitted for a more natural-sounding sentence.

69. The fire damaged the building.

The building is damaged by the fire.

The building was damaged by the fire.

The building had been damaged by the fire.

The fire was damaged by the building.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Simple Past Tense. The passive form is: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject.

70. Who is creating this mess?

By whom is this mess created?

By whom has this mess been created?

By whom this mess is being created?

By whom is this mess being created?

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The active sentence is an interrogative in the Present Continuous Tense. The passive form for a ‘who’ question is: By whom + is/am/are + Object + being + V3?

71. I remember my father taking me to the zoo.

I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.

I remember I was taken to the zoo by my father.

I remember taken to the zoo by my father.

I remember my father being taken to the zoo.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: In this structure, the gerund phrase “my father taking me” becomes a passive gerund “being taken”. The subject of the main clause (“I remember”) remains the same.

72. The judge ordered the murderer to be hanged.

The murderer was to be hanged by the judge’s order.

The murderer was ordered by the judge to be hanged.

It was ordered by the judge to hang the murderer.

The judge’s order was to hang the murderer.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: This is already a complex sentence. The active form would be something like “The judge ordered, ‘Hang the murderer'”. The best passive transformation of the main clause is to use an introductory ‘It’. ‘It was ordered by the judge…’.

73. Have you finished your task?

Has your task been finished by you?

Your task has been finished by you?

Had your task been finished by you?

Is your task finished by you?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is an interrogative in the Present Perfect Tense. The passive interrogative form is: Has/Have + Object + been + V3 + by + Subject?

74. They will inform the police.

The police will be informed by them.

The police would be informed by them.

The police will have been informed by them.

The police are informed by them.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is in Simple Future Tense. The passive form is: Object + will + be + V3 + by + Subject.

75. Let him complete his work.

Let his work be completed by him.

Let us complete his work.

His work should be completed by him.

Let’s complete his work.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For imperative sentences starting with “Let” followed by an object pronoun (like me, him, her), the passive structure is: Let + Object + be + V3 + by + agent.

76. They are laughing at you.

You are being laughed at by them.

You are laughed at by them.

You are being laughed by them.

They are being laughed at by you.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The verb is ‘laugh at’ (a phrasal verb). The preposition ‘at’ must be retained in the passive voice. The tense is Present Continuous, so the form is: Object + is/are + being + V3 + preposition + by + Subject.

77. The students had finished the project.

The project was finished by the students.

The project has been finished by the students.

The project had been finished by the students.

The project had finished by the students.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Past Perfect Tense (Subject + had + V3 + Object). The passive form is: Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject.

78. Don’t touch this wire.

This wire must not be touched.

You are warned not to touch this wire.

Let this wire not be touched.

All of the above.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Negative imperative sentences (commands/warnings) can be passivized in several ways. A) Using a modal of prohibition. B) Using the “You are warned/advised/ordered not to…” structure. C) Using the “Let + Object + not + be + V3” structure. All are correct.

79. The principal will announce the results.

The results are announced by the principal.

The results would be announced by the principal.

The results will be announced by the principal.

The results will have been announced by the principal.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active sentence is in Simple Future Tense. The passive form is: Object + will + be + V3 + by + Subject.

80. Why do you waste time?

Why is time wasted by you?

Why time is wasted by you?

Why is time being wasted by you?

Why was time wasted by you?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is an interrogative in the Simple Present Tense. The passive interrogative form is: WH-word + is/am/are + Object + V3 + by + Subject?

81. The children were making a noise.

A noise was being made by the children.

A noise was made by the children.

A noise is being made by the children.

A noise has been made by the children.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is in Past Continuous Tense (Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object). The passive form is: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject.

82. The news pleased him.

He was pleased by the news.

He is pleased with the news.

He was pleased with the news.

He was pleased at the news.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The verb ‘pleased’ is usually followed by the preposition ‘with’ in the passive voice, not ‘by’. The sentence is in the simple past tense.

83. I gave him a book.

He was given a book by me.

A book was given to him by me.

He had been given a book by me.

Both A and B are correct.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: This sentence has two objects: an indirect object (“him”) and a direct object (“a book”). It can be made passive in two ways. A) Making the indirect object the subject. B) Making the direct object the subject (in which case a preposition like ‘to’ or ‘for’ is needed before the indirect object).

84. Who taught you grammar?

By whom were you taught grammar?

By whom was you taught grammar?

Grammar was taught to you by whom?

Both A and C are correct.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: ‘Who’ becomes ‘By whom’. The active sentence is in simple past. Since there are two objects (‘you’ and ‘grammar’), we can make either the subject. Using the indirect object ‘you’ as the subject is more common. The structure is: By whom + was/were + subject + V3 + other object?

85. We must listen to his words.

His words must be listened by us.

His words must be listened to by us.

His words should be listened to by us.

His words must listen to us.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The phrasal verb is ‘listen to’. The preposition ‘to’ must be retained in the passive voice. The modal is ‘must’. The form is: Object + must + be + V3 + preposition + by + Subject.

86. He is writing a poem.

A poem is written by him.

A poem was being written by him.

A poem is being written by him.

A poem has been written by him.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Present Continuous Tense. The passive form is: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject.

87. They found him guilty of murder.

He was found guilty of murder by them.

He is found guilty of murder.

He was found guilty of murder.

He had been found guilty of murder by them.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Simple Past Tense. Passive is: Object + was + V3. The agent “by them” is vague and can be omitted, making C a better and more concise choice than A.

88. A car ran over the dog.

The dog was run over by a car.

The dog was ran over by a car.

The dog ran over by a car.

A car was run over by the dog.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The phrasal verb is ‘ran over’. The V3 of ‘run’ is ‘run’. The active sentence is in simple past. The passive is: Object + was + V3 + preposition + by + Subject.

89. Open the door.

The door must be opened.

Let the door be opened.

You are ordered to open the door.

Both B and C are correct.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: This is an imperative sentence (a command). It can be passivized using “Let + object + be + V3” or “You are ordered/requested to…”. Both forms are correct.

90. This box contains books.

Books are contained by this box.

Books were contained in this box.

Books are contained in this box.

Books are contained with this box.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The verb ‘contain’ is followed by the preposition ‘in’ in the passive voice, not ‘by’. The active sentence is in the simple present tense.

91. The police caught the thief.

The thief is caught by the police.

The thief was caught by the police.

The police was caught by the thief.

The thief had been caught by the police.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The active sentence is in the Simple Past Tense. The passive form is: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject.

92. Circumstances will oblige me to go.

I will be obliged to go by the circumstances.

I would be obliged to go by the circumstances.

I shall be obliged to go by the circumstances.

Circumstances will be obliged by me to go.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The active is in Simple Future. The object ‘me’ becomes the subject ‘I’. With ‘I’ and ‘we’, ‘shall’ is traditionally preferred over ‘will’ in formal English, though ‘will’ is also common. The structure is I + shall + be + obliged + to-infinitive + by + subject. C is the most formally correct option.

93. I am doing sums.

Sums are being done by me.

Sums are done by me.

Sums were being done by me.

I am being done by sums.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active sentence is in Present Continuous Tense. The passive form is: Object (‘Sums’) + are + being + V3 (‘done’) + by + Subject (‘me’).

94. They have warned you.

You were warned by them.

You have been warned by them.

You are warned by them.

You have been warned.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The active is in Present Perfect. The passive is “You have been warned by them.” However, since the agent “they” is indefinite and less important than the action, it is often omitted. D is the most natural and common passive form.

95. Nature teaches the beasts to know their friends.

The beasts are taught by nature to know their friends.

The beasts were taught by nature to know their friends.

To know their friends is taught to the beasts by nature.

The beasts are taught to know their friends by nature.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active is in Simple Present. The object is “the beasts”. The passive form is: Object + are + V3 + by + Subject. The infinitive phrase “to know their friends” remains at the end.

96. He did not praise anyone.

No one was praised by him.

Anyone was not praised by him.

No one has been praised by him.

Praise was not given to anyone by him.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active is in Simple Past (negative). “Not anyone” is equivalent to “no one”. When we use “No one” as the subject in the passive voice, the verb becomes affirmative. So, “did not praise” becomes “was praised”, and the subject is “No one”.

97. Who can question his integrity?

By whom can his integrity be questioned?

By whom his integrity can be questioned?

His integrity can be questioned by whom?

By whom can be his integrity questioned?

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: For ‘who’ questions with a modal verb, the passive structure is: By whom + modal + Object + be + V3?

98. I saw him leaving the house.

He was seen leaving the house by me.

He was seen to be leaving the house by me.

Leaving the house he was seen by me.

He had been seen leaving the house by me.

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The active is in simple past. When the active verb is followed by a participle (“leaving”), the participle remains unchanged in the passive voice. The structure is: Object + was/were + V3 + participle + by + Subject.

99. They made him captain.

Captain was made by him.

He was made captain by them.

He has been made captain by them.

He is made captain by them.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Simple Past Tense. “him” is the object and “captain” is the object complement. In passive, the object becomes the subject, and the complement follows the verb. Structure: Object + was + V3 + complement + by + Subject.

100. Let’s discuss the matter.

Let the matter be discussed by us.

The matter should be discussed.

It is suggested that we should discuss the matter.

Both B and C are good alternatives.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The phrase “Let’s…” (Let us) implies a suggestion. While (A) is a literal passive form, it’s awkward. Better passive alternatives are using ‘should’ to express the suggestion (B) or rephrasing it as a suggestion (C). Both B and C are excellent ways to convey the meaning in a passive or impersonal style.

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